The life and work of Hugh William Williams (1773-1829) set within a Scottish context: with a catalogue of works in public collections and a catalogue of all known prints by and after the artist

This Thesis considers the life and work of Hugh William Williams [1773- 1829]. The work is divided into two main sections; the Thesis itself and a fully illustrated, chronological Catalogue of all the works by the artist in public collections. This includes a Catalogue of all known prints by and after the artist.In the Thesis, the artist's life and career have been examined in detail. The Introduction is followed by a Short Biography of the Artist with a Chronology of known events. The Introduction is followed by the Review of the Literature. Chapter 1 is devoted to the artist's biography. This is divided into sub -sections as follows: 1:1 The Early Years, 1773 -1804; 1:2 Education and Training, 1782-1800; 1:3 Acting and Scene Painting, 1790-1800; 1:4 Teaching and Pupils, 1793-1820; 1.5 Exhibitions, 1807-1829; 1:6 The Grand Tour, 1816-1818; 1:7 The National Monument 1819 -1829; and 1:8 The Final Years and Aftermath, 1826 -1866.Chapter 2 considers Hugh Williams at work. After a preliminary discussion of the difficulties in discussing the work, this is considered under the headings 2:3 Watercolours; 2:4 Drawings and 2:5 Oils. The section on watercolours looks at methods and criticism of the artist's colouring before going on to examine the work under the headings Early Watercolours, 1792 -1800; Transitional, 1800-1816; the Grand Tour, 1816 -1818; and Exhibition Watercolours, 1818 -1829. Reference is made to the Catalogue and to a large group of examples seen in collections in Britain and abroad.Chapter 3 looks at Williams as a printmaker and publisher of prints, considering all the publishing projects with which he was involved.Chapter 4 deals with Hugh Williams' place in the watercolour tradition in Scotland. His precursors, Paul Sandby, Margaret Adam and Jacob More are dealt with in detail.Chapter 5 considers the artist's reputation and influence, specifically at the relationship between Williams and J. M. W. Turner, which is examined in detail.The Catalogue, Parts I -III, illustrates and lists all the watercolours, drawings and oil paintings by Hugh Williams, in public collections world wide. Part IV lists Incorrect or Doubtful Attributions and Part V lists all known Prints by and after Hugh Williams. All known versions of works are noted and there is a complete list of published and /or manuscript sources for each work. The watercolours are cross- referenced to related prints and drawings, in the Catalogue and elsewhere.Finally, a Select Bibliography lists all known references to Hugh Williams in published sources and related manuscript material. Appendix I, lists all works by the artist, exhibited during his lifetime and Appendix II, presents the evidence for the artist having acted on stage as well as having produced theatrical scenery

Revised List of Hawaiian Names of Plants Native and Introduced with Brief Descriptions and Notes as to Occurrence and Medicinal or Other Values

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15. The arborescent indigenous legumes of Hawaii

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Total Sitting Time and Sitting Pattern in Postmenopausal Women Differ by Hispanic Ethnicity and are Associated With Cardiometabolic Risk Biomarkers.

Background Sedentary behavior is pervasive, especially in older adults, and is associated with cardiometabolic disease and mortality. Relationships between cardiometabolic biomarkers and sitting time are unexplored in older women, as are possible ethnic differences. Methods and Results Ethnic differences in sitting behavior and associations with cardiometabolic risk were explored in overweight/obese postmenopausal women (n=518; mean±SD age 63±6 years; mean body mass index 31.4±4.8 kg/m2). Accelerometer data were processed using validated machine-learned algorithms to measure total daily sitting time and mean sitting bout duration (an indicator of sitting behavior pattern). Multivariable linear regression was used to compare sitting among Hispanic women (n=102) and non-Hispanic women (n=416) and tested associations with cardiometabolic risk biomarkers. Hispanic women sat, on average, 50.3 minutes less/day than non-Hispanic women (P<0.001) and had shorter (3.6 minutes less, P=0.02) mean sitting bout duration. Among all women, longer total sitting time was deleteriously associated with fasting insulin and triglyceride concentrations, insulin resistance, body mass index and waist circumference; longer mean sitting bout duration was deleteriously associated with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations, insulin resistance, body mass index and waist circumference. Exploratory interaction analysis showed that the association between mean sitting bout duration and fasting glucose concentration was significantly stronger among Hispanic women than non-Hispanic women (P-interaction=0.03). Conclusions Ethnic differences in 2 objectively measured parameters of sitting behavior, as well as detrimental associations between parameters and cardiometabolic biomarkers were observed in overweight/obese older women. The detrimental association between mean sitting bout duration and fasting glucose may be greater in Hispanic women than in non-Hispanic women. Corroboration in larger studies is warranted

BK Lyncis: The Oldest Old Nova?... And a Bellwether for Cataclysmic-Variable Evolution

We summarize the results of a 20-year campaign to study the light curves of BK Lyncis, a nova-like star strangely located below the 2-3 hour orbital period gap in the family of cataclysmic variables. Two apparent "superhumps" dominate the nightly light curves - with periods 4.6% longer, and 3.0% shorter, than P_orb. The first appears to be associated with the star's brighter states (V~14), while the second appears to be present throughout and becomes very dominant in the low state (V~15.7). Starting in the year 2005, the star's light curve became indistinguishable from that of a dwarf nova - in particular, that of the ER UMa subclass. Reviewing all the star's oddities, we speculate: (a) BK Lyn is the remnant of the probable nova on 30 December 101, and (b) it has been fading ever since, but has taken ~2000 years for the accretion rate to drop sufficiently to permit dwarf-nova eruptions. If such behavior is common, it can explain other puzzles of CV evolution. One: why the ER UMa class even exists (because all members can be remnants of recent novae). Two: why ER UMa stars and short-period novalikes are rare (because their lifetimes, which are essentially cooling times, are short). Three: why short-period novae all decline to luminosity states far above their true quiescence (because they're just getting started in their postnova cooling). Four: why the orbital periods, accretion rates, and white-dwarf temperatures of short-period CVs are somewhat too large to arise purely from the effects of gravitational radiation (because the unexpectedly long interval of enhanced postnova brightness boosts the mean mass-transfer rate). These are substantial rewards in return for one investment of hypothesis: that the second parameter in CV evolution, besides P_orb, is time since the last classical-nova eruption.Comment: PDF, 46 pages, 4 tables, 10 figures; in preparation; more info at http://cbastro.org